Nairobi, Kenya — April 28, 2025

Primary and secondary schools across Kenya reopened today for the second academic term, but the excitement of returning to class has been overshadowed by growing concerns over financial strain among parents.

Thousands of students reported back to school nationwide, while parents grappled with escalating costs associated with education. Besides regular tuition and boarding fees, many have complained about additional charges that they claim are illegal or excessive, especially during the admission of new students.

Speaking to reporters outside a Nairobi school, Mary Wanjiku, a mother of two, said, “We were asked to pay extra for development funds, activity fees, and even a so-called ‘desk maintenance fee’ — none of which were on the original fee structure. It’s becoming unbearable.”

Education stakeholders have warned that such practices could undermine the government’s efforts to provide affordable and accessible education under the Free Primary Education (FPE) and subsidized secondary school programs.

The Ministry of Education issued a statement reiterating that no public school is permitted to impose unauthorized levies without prior approval from the ministry. Education Cabinet Secretary Ezekiel Machogu emphasized that action would be taken against schools found exploiting parents.

“No child should be sent home for failing to pay extra charges that have not been approved,” the statement read. “We encourage parents to report such cases immediately to county education offices.”

Meanwhile, headteachers argue that the rising cost of operations, including utilities and infrastructure maintenance, has forced many schools to find alternative funding sources. “The capitation from the government often delays, and when it comes, it is insufficient to run a school effectively,” said one principal from Kiambu County, requesting anonymity.

Despite the financial hurdles, the reopening day saw high student turnout, and many schools resumed lessons without major disruptions. However, education experts warn that unless the financial concerns are urgently addressed, the strain on households could lead to higher dropout rates, especially among learners from disadvantaged backgrounds.

With the second term traditionally packed with national activities — including sports competitions and mock exams for candidates — schools are bracing for a busy season ahead.